Iraq’s Lake Hamrin was a once-vast reservoir northeast of Baghdad that is the sole source of water for irrigation across Diyala province. The lake has nearly dried out. Successive years of low rainfall and a sharp reduction in the flow of water down the Sirwan River from neighbouring Iran have reduced much of the lake to a dust bowl.
There has been a sharp reduction in the water level and reserves currently stand at 130 million cubic metres against two billion cubic metres normally. A number of factors were to blame including the prolonged drought and Iranian dam construction and river diversion projects upstream.
It was not the first-time water levels had fallen so low. The lake dried out completely in 2009. There was just a stream. The impact on surrounding farmland should not be underestimated. There are no other sources of water in the province. The volume arriving in Lake Hamrin is the volume used in the province.
The government had asked Iran to increase the flow of water across the border. Otherwise, all that could be done was to pray for higher rainfall next year. The problem is not exclusive to Diyala province. The World Bank predicts that without major changes. Iraq will have lost 20 percent of its water resources by 2020.
The country is classified as one of five most vulnerable to climate change effects and desertification. Water shortages have led this year to reduced quotas for rice and wheat farmers. Iraq’s upstream neighbours Iran, Turkey and Syria experience similar shortfalls. This means that its appeals for help generally fall unheaded.
